I think the answer to the question is: Including a summary at the top to allow casual readers to get the gist is a good strategy, but doesn't need to be a hard-and-fast site rule.
You will see this style used a bit. You will see occasionally people ask the author to add them in, especially when it isn't clear. You will see people be bold and edit them in.
But ultimately, it is a question of writing style, and there are ways of making the answer clear, even to casual readers, without using such a formal approach. e.g. this answer.
We want to be welcoming to new contributors to this Stack Exchange and help them ensure their contributions to meet our minimum quality bar, but we have a lot of enforced rules - rules that may seem natural to scientists and skeptics, but are very unusual for online discussion sites - and that can feel unwelcoming despite our intentions and open arms.
This is worse for answers than questions, because the actions we can take on bad answers are far more limited. (Answers can't be "closed" until they can be fixed.)
For that reason, I wouldn't like to see a strict, formal rule that you must have a TL;DR summary.
However, I encourage you to be bold and add them in to existing answers you think need them.
[We have had a small handful of people over the years who objected to their answers being summarised so succinctly. It seemed like it was important to them that each reader thoroughly digested every nuance of their 2,000 word essays. Don't let them hold you back.]
Pedantic point: Some of your proposed summaries don't belong here.
- "Likely but I can't provide definitive proof sources." sounds like an unreferenced claim. Come back with an answer when you can provide references; in the meantime, we don't need the speculation here.
- "No; they're being deliberately misrepresentative." is a statement about an individual's motivation, and short of a confession by the claimant is unlikely to be able to be supported by references.
- "No; complete rubbish."... maybe we could use a politer example if we are looking to exemplify what summaries should look like?